a brief analysis of pillars of the central secretariat of the government in the “period of mamālīk”: a survey based on the book subh al-‘a`shā

subh al-'a'sh? f? san?'at al-insh?' is one of the greatest encyclopedias produced in the islamic civilization before the ninth century after hegira. the book addresses a plethora of historical, scientific and literary issues in which the writer explains the administration mechanism of d?w?n al-insh?' (a secretariat keeping the records of non-financial and non-military correspondence). the book was written by ahmad ibn ali qalqashandi who had worked in d?w?n al-insh?' for years. as a result of a brief study of the book, the present article provides a review and an explanation of the administrative structure of the government in the period of mam?l?k. the administrative pillars or the executive organization of d?w?n al-insh?' were as follows: 1-seven groups of secretaries. 2-warehousemen. 3- d?w?n’¬chamberlain. 4- kutt?b al-dast 5- kutt?b al-darj